Veterinary Anthelmintics

● Poultry Amprolium hydrochloride is most effective against chicken tender and stacked eimeric coccidia, but is slightly less effective against toxigenic, brucellar, giant, and peaceful eimeric coccidia. Usually the therapeutic concentration does not inhibit all the oocyst production. Therefore, at home and abroad, it is often used in conjunction with phenylmethyl ethoxamate and sulfaquinoxaline to enhance the efficacy.
The inhibitory effect of ampicillin hydrochloride on the immunity of organism coccidia is less obvious.
120mg/L drinking water concentration can effectively prevent and treat turkey coccidiosis.

● Cattle and sheep Amprolium hydrochloride has good preventive effect on Eimeria coccidia in calves; Eimeria coccidia in lambs. For lamb coccidiosis, it can be used at the daily dose of 55mg/kg for 14~19 days. For calf coccidiosis, it can be used at the rate of 5mg/kg per day for 2l days for prevention and 10mg/kg per day for 5 days for treatment.

(1) Although the nature of this product is stable, can be mixed with a variety of vitamins, minerals, antimicrobial drugs, but still slowly decomposed in the feed of piglets, stored at room temperature for 60 days, the average failure of 8%, therefore, this product should still be used now.
(2) This product is mostly used with ethoxylamidophenyl methyl ester and sulfaquinoxaline to enhance the efficacy.
(3) Calves and lambs fed with high dose for more than 20 days can show neurological symptoms due to necrosis of cerebral cortex caused by thiamine deficiency.
(4) Prohibited for laying hens.
(5) The rest period is 7 days for broiler chickens and 1 day for beef cattle.

Abamectin has gastric toxicity and poisoning effect on mites and insects, and cannot kill eggs. The mechanism of action is different from general insecticides in that it interferes with neurophysiological activities and stimulates the release of γ-aminobutyric acid, which has an inhibitory effect on the nerve conduction of arthropods. Mite adults, worms and insect larvae in contact with avermectin will appear paralyzed symptoms, inactivity, no feeding, and death after 2 to 4 days. Because it does not cause rapid dehydration of insects, the lethal effect of abamectin is slow. Avermectin has a direct poisoning effect on predatory insects and parasitic natural enemies, but because of the small residue on the surface of the plant, the damage to beneficial insects is very small. Abamectin is adsorbed by the soil and does not move, and is decomposed by microorganisms, so it has no cumulative effect in the environment and can be used as a component of integrated control. It can be easily prepared by pouring the preparation into water and mixing it a little, and it is also safe for crops.

Follow your doctor's prescription and medical advice. Generally, abamectin can be given orally or intravenously. When administered orally, the dose and frequency of administration should be determined by the type and severity of the infection and the patient's condition. The use of injectable dosage forms requires strict adherence to asepsis and administration as directed by a physician.

Abamectin can be used to kill fleas on cats, but due to its high toxicity and narrow safety range, it is generally not recommended for deworming cats. For cats infected with fleas, deworming medications containing ingredients such as Selamectin, Fipronil, Moxidectin and Imidacloprid are more recommended. These drugs are relatively safe and effective, and can be used reasonably according to the age and weight of the cat. Especially for preventive deworming, cats in the juvenile period can be dewormed externally once a month.
In addition, although avermectin transdermal solution can be used for cat treatment, it is mostly recommended for large animals in clinical practice due to its narrower safety range. For cats, it may be safer to use drugs containing ingredients such as cyclosporine for in vitro deworming. If the cat is not yet an adult, monthly in vitro deworming is recommended.

Ivermectin is widely used for gastrointestinal nematodes, lung nematodes and parasitic arthropods in cattle, sheep, horses and pigs, intestinal nematodes in dogs, ear mites, scabies mites, heartworms and microfilariae, as well as gastrointestinal nematodes and external parasites in poultry.
● Cattle, sheep Ivermectin 0.2mg/kg to cattle, sheep, internal or subcutaneous injection of blood spear nematodes, Auster nematodes, Cooper nematodes, Trichuris trichiura (including Ehrlichia trichuris trichiura), round nematodes, back of the mouth nematodes, fine neck nematodes, hairy first nematodes, esophageal mouth nematodes, reticulocyclic nematodes, as well as the adult nematodes of sheep Chabert nematodes and the 4th stage of the larvae, the anthelmintic rate of 97% to 100%. The above dosage is also very effective against arthropods, such as fly maggots (cattle skin fly, leather fly, sheep fly), mites (cattle scabies mite, sheep itch mite) and lice (cattle palate lice, cattle blood lice and sheep palate lice), and so on. Ivermectin is slightly less effective against chewing lice (Trichinella spp.) and sheep and goat ticks.
Ivermectin is also extremely effective against ticks and flies that breed in feces. The drug does not kill or dismember ticks immediately, but it does
Although the drug cannot kill or dismember the tick immediately, it can affect feeding, molting and egg laying, thus reducing the reproductive ability. It can be administered subcutaneously at 0.2mg/kg or fed daily at low concentrations (0.01mg/kg).
These phenomena were most pronounced in ticks 5 days after a single subcutaneous injection of 0.2 mg/kg or daily feeding of a low concentration (0.01 mg/kg) of the drug. A single subcutaneous injection at a dose of 0.2mg/kg also has a certain control effect on the flies breeding in the feces. 9 days after the drug was administered to cattle, the larvae of the face fly and the autumn housefly in their feces could not develop into adults, and after another 5 days, the breeding of the flies was greatly reduced due to the deformity of the nymphs and the maturation of the adults being blocked, and the situation was similar for the blood flies (blood-scorching flies) after 4 weeks with the above dosage.
● Horses The internal administration of 0.2 mg/kg ivermectin to horses is highly effective (95%-100%) against adults and 4th instar larvae of the following genera of large and small round nematodes; such as large round nematodes (common round nematode, equine round nematode, toothed round nematode), roundworms (equine paracoccidia), pinworms (equine acanthocephalan nematode), gastroenteric worms (large-mouthed Dreisseria nematodes, Zoanthidia nematode), small intestinal nematodes (Ehrlichia), hairy round nematodes, Wechsleria) and other nematodes. Hairy roundworm, Weil-like roundworm), and lung nematodes (Anaplasma reticulatum). For the three species of equine gastric fly maggots in the migratory or gastric residency stage, the microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus that cause skin lesions, and the larvae of the third stage of gastric nematodes, the optimal regimen is to reapply a second dose of the above mentioned amount one month later, although the amount of a single application of 0. 2mg/kg is also limited.
Of particular significance is the fact that the recommended dose of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg) is about 99% effective in the treatment of mesenteric artery damage caused by early and 4th stage larvae of the common round nematode, the migratory stage, and the symptoms are usually significantly reduced after 2 days of administration, and the symptoms of damage disappear completely in about 28 days.
● Pig Intramuscular injection of 0.3mg/kg ivermectin has broad-spectrum anthelmintic activity in pigs. Such as Ascaris lumbricoides, red pig roundworm, Lancet-like roundworm, hairy nematode, esophageal mouth nematode, posterior roundworm, toothed crown and tail nematode adults and immature worms, the expulsion rate of 94% to 100%, on the intestinal Trichinella (intramuscular ineffective) is also very effective. The above medication method also has a good control effect on swine blood lice and swine scabies mites.
● Dogs and cats There are special dosage forms [6-12μg/kg) for the prevention and control of canine heartworm microfilarial infections, and 50μg/kg can be tried in our country for the treatment of heartworm microfilarial infections (not effective for adult worms). Clinical trials have confirmed that high-dose ivermectin is highly effective against a variety of canine parasites, such as a subcutaneous injection of 50 μg/kg for canine hookworm, Brazilian hookworm, European canine hookworm, 100 μg/kg for canine whipworm, 200 μg/kg for canine toxocara canis adult roundworm and the fourth stage of the larvae have an excellent effect of repellent only. The efficacy of 200μg/kg subcutaneous injection was only 69% against lion roundworm, while that of internal administration was 95%. A single subcutaneous injection of this product can also have an excellent expelling effect on Trichuris aerophila (200μg/kg) and Ostreococcus australis (400μg/kg) parasitized in the lungs of dogs. Internal administration or subcutaneous injection of 200μg/kg, followed by another application two weeks later, was effective against intestinal fecal roundworms (except stage 3 larvae).
3 stage larvae) is 95% to 100% effective. Ivermectin is also effective against certain arthropod infections in dogs and cats. 200μg/kg dosage injected subcutaneously in dogs and cats and reapplied once after two weeks can exclude ear mites, mange mites, and canine pulmonary mites. 300μg/kg, two times in a row (2 weeks interval).
It is also very effective against pycnidium mite infections. For the treatment of canine helminthic mite disease, it is best to inject the amount of 600μg/kg subcutaneously at an interval of 7 days. Use it 5 times in a row.
● Poultry It is highly effective against poultry nematodes, such as chicken roundworm and closed capillary nematodes, as well as arthropods parasitized by poultry, such as knee mites (mutant knee mites), etc. It can be administered internally or injected subcutaneously in an amount of 200-300 μg/kg. However, the product is not effective against the chicken isobaric nematode.
● Reindeer For Oedemagena tarandi infection in reindeer, subcutaneous injection at the dosage for cattle (200μg/kg) is sufficient.

For onchocerciasis
● For oral administration, the recommended dose is a single oral dose of 0.15 mg/kg with water.
● This product does not kill adult onchocerciasis, thus, continuous treatment is required when using this product to treat onchocerciasis. For further information, please follow your doctor's instructions.
● The usual dosage of tablets is as follows:For 15-24g, the dosage is half a tablet (about 3mg); for 25-44kg, the dosage is 1 tablet (about 6mg); for 45-64kg, the dosage is 1 and a half tablets (about 9mg); for 65-84kg, the dosage is 2 tablets (about 12mg); and for those larger than 80kg, 0.15mg/kg.
● The usual dosage of chewable tablets is as follows: for 15-24kg, the dosage is 1 tablet (about 3mg); for 25-44kg, the dosage is 2 tablets (about 6mg); for 45-64kg, the dosage is 3 tablets (about 9mg); for 65-84kg, the dosage is 4 tablets (about 12mg); and for those who are larger than 80kg, 0.15mg/kg.
● The usual dosage of capsules is as follows: for 15-24kg, the dosage is 1 capsule (about 3mg); for 25-44kg, the dosage is 2 capsules (about 6mg); for 45-64kg, the dosage is 3 capsules (about 9mg); for 65-84kg, the dosage is 4 capsules (about 12mg); and for those larger than 80kg, 0.15mg/kg.

For roundworm disease
● The recommended dose is a single oral dose of 0.2mg/kg with water. Usually, no dosage increase is needed, but follow-up is required to ensure eradication.
● Repeat fecal tests must be performed in patients with onchocerciasis to ensure that the onchocerciasis infection has been cleared.
● The usual dosage of tablets is as follows: for 15-24kg, half a tablet (about 3mg); for 25-34kg, 1 tablet (about 6mg); for 35-50kg, 1½ tablets (about 9mg); for 51-65kg, 2 tablets (about 12mg); for 66-79kg, 2½ tablets (about 15mg) For those over 80kg, 0.2mg/kg.
● The usual dose of capsules is as follows: 15-24kg, 1 capsule (about 3mg); 25-34kg, 2 capsules (about 6mg); 35-50kg, 3 capsules (about 9mg); 51-65kg, 4 capsules (about 12mg); 66-79kg, 5 capsules (about 15mg). For those larger than 80kg, 0.2mg/kg.
● The usual dosage of chewable tablets is as follows:For 15-24kg, the dosage is 1 tablet (about 3mg); for 25-34kg, the dosage is 2 tablets (about 6mg); for 35-50kg, the dosage is 3 tablets (about 9mg); for 51-65kg, the dosage is 4 tablets (about 12mg); for 66-79kg, the dosage is 5 tablets (about 15mg); for greater than 80kg, 0.2mg/kg. 0.2mg/kg for those greater than 80kg.

Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum, high-efficiency, low-toxicity antibiotic antiparasitic drug, which has good anthelmintic effects on internal and external parasites, especially nematodes and arthropods. Ivermectin blocks nerve signaling by increasing the release of the inhibitory transmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the worm, as well as by opening the glutamate-controlled Cl ion channel and enhancing the permeability of the nerve membrane to Cl, leading to paralysis and death of the worm.
The specific anthelmintic range of ivermectin includes:
● Onchocerciasis and Cyclostomiasis
● Infections caused by hookworms, roundworms, whipworms, pinworms, etc.
● Scabies, sarcoptic mites or ear mites
● Canine systemic helminthiasis
●  And a number of other parasitic infections such as Loa filariasis, Malayan filariasis, Bancroftian filariasis, tissue nematode larval migrans, and scabies.